The Role of the Physician in Identifying and Treating Gambling Problems
Gambling involves wagering something of value on an event that relies largely on chance in hopes of winning. It has existed in virtually every society since prerecorded history, and it is incorporated into local customs and rites of passage. Throughout its long history, gambling has enthralled millions while also causing poverty, crime and social devastation for some. It is a source of great controversy, and it has a pro- and anti-gambling movement that rivals each other for popularity and influence.
While there are many different types of gambling, most involve the same psychological processes and events. These include consideration, risk and a prize. The term “gambling” encompasses games of chance, such as slot machines, bingo, sports betting and lottery tickets, as well as games of skill, such as poker and blackjack. In each case, a person must consider the odds of winning and losing, assess the potential prize, and make a decision.
Although gambling may be fun and enjoyable at times, it can quickly become a problem when the activity becomes compulsive. Problem gambling can cause significant emotional distress and damage to personal relationships. It is also associated with other health conditions, such as depression and substance use disorders. Pathological gambling can even be fatal.
Medical professionals play an important role in identifying and treating gambling problems. They should evaluate patients for gambling-related symptoms and disorders in the same way that they screen for other addictive behaviors. A growing body of evidence indicates that the risk factors for pathological gambling are similar to those for other addictive behaviors, such as substance use disorders and other forms of compulsive behavior.
When evaluating patients for gambling-related disorders, physicians should ask about past and current patterns of gambling behavior. This includes whether the patient is secretive about gambling or lies to family and friends. They should also ask about the extent to which gambling is a factor in jeopardizing work, school or personal relationships. They should also assess the extent to which a gambler has tried unsuccessfully to control or cut back on gambling.
A patient who has a gambling problem should be encouraged to try other activities that are fun and rewarding. These activities could include rekindling a favorite hobby, taking up a new one, exercising or spending time with friends. It is also a good idea to try meditation and relaxation exercises, which can help focus the mind and reduce stress. The patient should also be encouraged to seek out support groups such as Gamblers Anonymous, which is based on the 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous. A sponsor, who is a former gambler who has successfully overcome gambling addiction, can provide valuable guidance and encouragement. This support can be crucial in helping the individual overcome his or her addictive tendencies. Moreover, a person with a gambling problem should be encouraged to seek help as soon as it becomes a serious concern. The sooner a person with an addictive tendency gets help, the more likely he or she is to stop gambling altogether.
